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ADHD and Sex Hormones in Females: A Systematic Review
Elyssa Osianlis1, Elizabeth H X Thomas1, Lisanne Michelle Jenkins1
1HER Centre Australia, Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
ADHD symptoms in females may fluctuate with sex hormones during puberty and the menstrual cycle. More research is needed to fully understand these connections and other hormonal changes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition impacting attention and impulse control.
- ADHD symptoms often persist into adulthood, affecting quality of life.
- ADHD is under-recognized in females, with limited understanding of hormonal influences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing evidence on the relationship between ADHD symptoms and sex hormones in females.
- To explore how hormonal changes across the lifespan may affect ADHD symptom presentation and medication response.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a systematic literature search across Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO (1980-2025).
- Included studies examining ADHD symptoms in relation to sex hormones and hormonal life stages (puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy).
- Utilized narrative synthesis for data extraction, categorizing studies by hormonal phase.
Main Results:
- Eleven studies were included, suggesting a link between ADHD symptoms and sex hormones in females.
- Evidence indicates potential associations during puberty and across the menstrual cycle.
- Study findings were limited by small sample sizes and methodological diversity.
Conclusions:
- Sex hormones and hormonal shifts (puberty, menstrual cycle) may influence ADHD symptom severity in females.
- Further research is essential to elucidate these relationships across various hormonal milestones, including menopause.
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