Does gender make a difference in endodontic care delivery?

Gender differences are not often emphasized in endodontic literature, and any impact on endodontic understanding and practice is therefore unknown. In this narrative review, we will examine the broader concept of gender and sex-role stereotypes in relation to uncertainty and seek to identify gaps in endodontic shared decision-making. Gender differences in oral health status and patient and clinician choices are highlighted. The importance of effective communication between men and women in shared decision-making as a future research direction is described. We also propose a systematic approach to identify sources of uncertainty in endodontic treatment, formulate probabilities of favourable and unfavourable outcomes based on available best evidence and take steps to minimize gender bias towards equitable and timely care for patients.