Learning to comprehend and explain spatial metaphors for time in Chinese

Time is frequently structured in terms of motion as moving-time (e.g., "summer is coming"), moving-ego (e.g., "we approach winter"), or sequence-as-position (e.g., "winter follows autumn") across the world's languages, including Chinese - a language that shows greater variability in its expression of such metaphors. Using a metaphor explanation and a metaphor comprehension task, we tested 60 children learning Chinese, equally divided into ages 3-4, 5-6, 7-8. Children's performance improved with age, marking ages 7-8 as the period with significant gains in both comprehension and explanation of metaphors - a later mastery compared to children learning English shown in earlier work. Metaphor type also affected children's performance, but only for the explanation and not the comprehension of metaphors. Overall, our findings highlight that the structure of spatial metaphors for time in Chinese influences the timing but not the trajectory of children's development in learning spatial metaphors for time.