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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Cleaner horizons: Exploring advanced technologies for pollution remediation.

Khadija Malik1, Ashja Iftikhar1, Quratulain Maqsood1

  • 1Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

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Summary

Soil pollution harms plants and humans via contaminated food chains. This review explores innovative remediation techniques, including biological, chemical, and genetic methods, to restore soil health.

Keywords:
Advanced technologiesBioremediationContaminant removalEnvironmental cleanupPollution remediation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Soil pollution poses significant risks to plant health, human well-being, and ecosystem integrity.
  • Contaminants enter the food chain through plants, leading to adverse health effects in humans.
  • Polluted soils become unsuitable for habitation and agriculture, necessitating effective remediation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss significant soil pollution remediation technologies.
  • To highlight the role of both traditional and innovative methods in addressing soil contamination.
  • To provide guidance on various technologies available for soil pollution remediation.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of biological remediation methods, including bio-augmentation using microbial strains.
  • Discussion of chemical and genetic manipulation techniques to enhance remediation processes.
  • Overview of advanced oxidation technologies and phytoremediation for specific pollutants like heavy metals and trace metals.
  • Inclusion of nanoparticle-based treatments for contaminants such as nitrates and arsenic.

Main Results:

  • Innovative techniques like genetic manipulation can enhance enzymatic processes for improved remediation.
  • Bio-augmentation effectively utilizes microbial strains for soil treatment.
  • Advanced oxidation processes address hydroxyl (OH) compound formation.
  • Phytoremediation and nanoparticle applications show promise for treating heavy metals, trace metals, nitrates, and arsenic.

Conclusions:

  • A range of effective traditional and modern techniques exist for soil pollution remediation.
  • Biological, chemical, genetic, and nanotechnology-based methods offer promising solutions.
  • Continued research and application of these technologies are crucial for restoring soil health and mitigating environmental risks.