Integrated Capture and Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO₂: A Molecular Electrocatalysts Perspective

The ever-increasing concentration of atmospheric CO₂, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities, has raised urgent environmental concerns, spurring the development of carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies. This review focuses on the integrated capture and electrochemical conversion of CO₂ (ICECC), a promising approach that combines carbon capture with its direct electroreduction into value-added products. By eliminating energy-intensive steps such as CO₂ release, compression, and transportation, ICECC offers a more energy-efficient and cost-effective alternative to conventional CCU methods. In this review, particular attention is given to molecular electrocatalysts, which offer high tunability and selectivity in electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (eCO₂RR). The role of capturing agents, including both external and dual-functional molecular systems, is critically examined to understand their influence on CO₂ binding and catalytic efficiency. Whereas ICECC has significant potential, research in this area remains underexplored compared to conventional CO₂ reduction methods. The review discusses the mechanistic insights into ICECC processes, highlighting key challenges and potential future research directions for improving catalyst design, enhancing capture efficiency, and scaling up ICECC technologies. These developments can make ICECC a critical component in achieving carbon neutrality and addressing climate change.