Comprehensive analysis of TRIM56's prognostic value and immune infiltration in Pan-Cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Tripartite motif-containing protein 56 (TRIM56) is implicated in tumor development via ubiquitination of key substrates.
• The precise role of TRIM56 in tumor prognosis and immune infiltration requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the expression, localization, and functional impact of TRIM56 in various cancers.
• To analyze the correlation between TRIM56 expression, patient survival, and immune cell infiltration.
• To explore the molecular pathways and protein interactions involving TRIM56.

Main Methods:

• Bioinformatic analysis using TCGA, GTEx, HPA, TIMER 2.0, GEPIA 2.0, and STING databases.
• In vitro assays (CCK-8, wound healing) to assess TRIM56's effect on lung cancer cell proliferation and migration.
• Statistical analyses including Kaplan-Meier plots, nomogram modeling, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.

Main Results:

• TRIM56 expression varies significantly across 11 tumor types.
• TRIM56 inhibited proliferation and migration of A549 lung cancer cells.
• High TRIM56 expression correlated with poorer survival in COAD, GBM, and LGG, but better survival in BLCA, KIRC, MESO, and SKCM.
• TRIM56 expression was linked to immune cell infiltration (B cells, macrophages, CD4+/CD8+ T cells) in BLCA and KIRC, correlating with favorable prognosis.

Conclusions:

• TRIM56 plays a critical role in tumor immunity and influences cancer prognosis.
• TRIM56 affects tumor development through transcriptional regulation and immune-related pathways.
• TRIM56 shows potential as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.