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Updated: May 10, 2025
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Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
Published on: March 8, 2012
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Developing, Validating, and Testing Non-vaccine-Preventable Human Papillomavirus to Control for Differences in Sexual
Emily Dema1,2, Jaimie Z Shing3, Marta Checchi2
1Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Summary
Non-vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus (NVP-HPV) types can indicate sexual behavior. Adjusting for NVP-HPV in HPV vaccine impact studies confirmed original effectiveness estimates were robust.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Evaluating human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination impact often assumes stable transmission factors, which may not hold true.
- Non-vaccine-preventable HPV (NVP-HPV) types can serve as molecular indicators linked to sexual behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a grouping of NVP-HPV types as a proxy for sexual behavior.
- To assess the impact of adjusting for NVP-HPV on HPV vaccine effectiveness estimates.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-2 and Natsal-3) and England's HPV surveillance program.
- Validated the association between NVP-HPV types (26/53/66/70/73) and self-reported sexual behaviors.
- Calculated NVP-HPV-adjusted HPV16/18 vaccine impact estimates in different populations and timeframes.
Main Results:
- NVP-HPV infection demonstrated a strong correlation with sexual behaviors, including earlier age of sexual debut and higher numbers of partners.
- Adjusting for NVP-HPV did not significantly alter vaccine impact estimates in the Natsal datasets.
- In England's surveillance data, NVP-HPV adjustment also maintained the observed prevalence ratios for HPV16/18, with stable NVP-HPV prevalence over time.
Conclusions:
- Established proof-of-concept for NVP-HPV as a reliable indicator of sexual behavior.
- Demonstrated that adjusting for NVP-HPV confirms the robustness of original HPV vaccine effectiveness estimates.
- NVP-HPV can be a valuable tool for controlling for transmission risk variations in vaccination impact evaluations.
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