Unilateral Graves' Disease With Ipsilateral Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case Report

Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder characterized by diffuse goiter and hyperthyroidism, is commonly associated with bilateral thyroid involvement. However, unilateral Graves' disease is an extremely rare entity. Additionally, patients with Graves' disease have an increased risk of thyroid malignancy, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which often presents with aggressive histological features. This case highlights the rare occurrence of unilateral Graves' disease with ipsilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma, emphasizing the importance of careful diagnostic assessment, including imaging and fine needle aspiration (FNA), in patients with atypical presentations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of unilateral Graves' disease with ipsilateral thyroid malignancy and the first case documented in Saudi Arabia.