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Cancer Genetics in the Arab World.

Waleed S Al Amri1, Muna Al Jabri2, Aisha Al Abri1

  • 1Department of Histopathology & Cytopathology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
|April 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer genomics in the Arab world reveals distinct patterns, with higher rates of early-onset breast and colorectal cancers. Localized genetic studies are crucial for personalized medicine and improving outcomes in this underrepresented population.

Keywords:
cancer geneticscancer genomicscancer in underrepresented populationscancers in Arab worldthe Arab world

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Area of Science:

  • Genomic epidemiology
  • Cancer research
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Cancer incidence is rising globally, with distinct epidemiological and genetic profiles observed in Arab populations compared to Western cohorts.
  • The Arab world remains underrepresented in cancer literature, necessitating focused research on regional cancer characteristics.
  • Lung, breast, and colorectal cancers are prevalent in the Arab region, exhibiting unique genetic alterations and hereditary patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key genomic studies on cancer in the Arab world, focusing on lung, breast, and colorectal cancers.
  • To delineate the epidemiological and genetic landscape of these cancers within Arab populations.
  • To identify regional disparities, significant mutations, and hereditary/early-onset cancer profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 data for incidence trends.
  • Review of published genomic studies focusing on Arab populations.
  • Assessment of mutation frequencies (e.g., EGFR, BRCA1/2, BRAF) and epigenetic characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Breast, lung, and colorectal cancers are dominant, with significant variations in genetic alterations compared to global data.
  • Lung cancer shows heterogeneous EGFR mutation frequencies across MENA ethnicities.
  • Breast cancer exhibits distinct regional genetic traits, including BRCA1/2 mutation variations and founder mutations.
  • Colorectal cancer presents unique profiles, such as low BRAF mutation rates and specific epigenetic features.
  • Early-onset breast and colorectal cancers are more frequent than in Western populations, often with divergent germline mutation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Localized genetic studies are vital for advancing personalized medicine and public health strategies in the Arab region.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of cancer in Arab populations is essential for improving diagnosis and treatment.
  • Significant research gaps persist, particularly concerning early-onset and hereditary cancers, requiring further investigation in these underrepresented groups.