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Fates of Pyruvate

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...

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Updated: May 10, 2025

Genetic Engineering of an Unconventional Yeast for Renewable Biofuel and Biochemical Production

Genetic Engineering of an Unconventional Yeast for Renewable Biofuel and Biochemical Production

Published on: September 20, 2016

Engineering yeast for tailored fatty acid profiles.

Simon Kobalter¹, Tamara Wriessnegger¹, Harald Pichler^2,3

¹Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib) GmbH, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

|April 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial production of lipids offers sustainable alternatives. Engineering yeasts enables customized fatty acid profiles for diverse industrial applications, meeting demands for eco-friendly chemicals.

Keywords:

Cell factory Fatty acid Lipid Metabolic engineering Renewable resources Yeast

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Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production

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Published on: March 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
Microbial Biochemistry
Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

Growing demand for sustainable, eco-friendly chemicals derived from non-fossil and non-plant oil sources.
Microbial lipid production, especially triacylglycerols and fatty acids, is a promising alternative.
Yeasts are ideal platforms due to high lipid accumulation, robust growth, and GRAS status.

Purpose of the Study:

To review yeast capabilities for synthesizing tailored fatty acids and triacylglycerols.
To explore enzymatic pathways and engineering strategies for modifying microbial fatty acid profiles.
To provide recommendations for host selection in metabolic engineering efforts.

Main Methods:

Review of key enzymes in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis (synthases, desaturases, elongases, acyltransferases).
Discussion of factors influencing fatty acid composition in microbial systems.
Highlighting successful metabolic engineering strategies for tailored fatty acid production.

Main Results:

Microbes naturally produce limited fatty acid profiles, necessitating engineering.
Engineering strategies can successfully modify fatty acid profiles in yeasts.
Tailored fatty acids and triacylglycerols can be produced for specific applications.

Conclusions:

Yeast metabolic engineering is crucial for producing customized fatty acids and triacylglycerols.
Tailored microbial lipids offer sustainable alternatives for various industries.
Strategic host selection can optimize engineering efficiency for lipid production.