tRNA-Derived Fragments in Age-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Aging Research

Background:

• Aging is a natural process characterized by functional decline and increased susceptibility to chronic diseases.
• Aging-related diseases (ARDs) represent a major health burden, driving significant morbidity and mortality.
• tRNA-derived fragments (tDRs) are small RNA molecules derived from tRNAs, increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and characterize the involvement of tDRs in the etiology of various aging-related diseases (ARDs).
• To identify and analyze original research articles focusing on the identification and functional roles of tDRs in ARDs.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature review adhering to Cochrane Handbook guidelines and PRISMA statement.
• Inclusion of 21 original research articles covering 11 distinct ARDs.
• Analysis of research methodologies, primarily high-throughput sequencing and RT-qPCR, used for tDR identification.

Main Results:

• A significant number of tDRs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various ARDs.
• Identified shortcomings include inconsistent tDR nomenclature, a focus on miRNA-like functions, and the need for sequencing techniques addressing tRNA modifications.
• High-throughput sequencing combined with RT-qPCR emerged as the preferred method for tDR study.

Conclusions:

• tDRs play a crucial role in the development and progression of aging-related diseases.
• Standardization of tDR nomenclature and exploration of non-miRNA-like functions are essential for future research.
• Advanced sequencing technologies are required for accurate tDR identification and characterization in ARDs.