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Assessing Directional Time-Dependent Interference Vulnerabilities in Closed-Box Wireless Systems
Michelle Pirrone1,2, Jordan Bernhardt1, Adam Wunderlich1
1Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
|April 23, 2025
Summary
This study reveals pulse-modulated noise (PMN) significantly degrades wireless link performance, impacting both source and destination. Established testing using stationary noise may underestimate real-world interference vulnerabilities.
Area of Science:
- Wireless communication security
- Electromagnetic interference (EMI) analysis
Background:
- Consumer wireless systems face interference, impacting performance.
- Existing interference testing often uses stationary noise, which may not reflect real-world scenarios.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a methodology for assessing time-dependent interference vulnerabilities in wireless systems.
- To evaluate the impact of pulse-modulated noise (PMN) on different wireless links.
Main Methods:
- A general methodology was applied to two closed-box, consumer off-the-shelf (COTS) wireless systems.
- A point-to-point microwave link (6 GHz) and an IEEE 802.11n Wi-Fi link (5 GHz) were tested.
- Injected pulse-modulated noise (PMN) with varying periods targeted both the data source and destination.
Main Results:
- Observed asymmetric link throughput variations based on interference source (source vs. destination).
- Identified throughput degradations on specific interference time-scales, critical for quality of service.
- Demonstrated inter-system differences in susceptibility to various interference time-scales.
Conclusions:
- PMN causes greater link degradation than stationary additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) of equal average power.
- Current interference testing methodologies using AWGN may be insufficient.
- Re-evaluation of interference testing benchmarks is necessary for accurate vulnerability assessment.
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