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First Impressions Towards Autistic People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lashindri C Wanigasekera1, Murray T Maybery1, Romina Palermo1

  • 1School of Psychological Science, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

First impressions of autistic people are often less favorable than for non-autistic individuals. This impacts social interactions and wellbeing, highlighting the need for greater understanding and acceptance.

Keywords:
autismfirst impressionsperson perceptionsocial cognitionsocial evaluationsocial favorabilitysocial interactionstigma

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • Negative first impressions of autistic individuals can impact psychosocial wellbeing.
  • Understanding factors influencing these impressions is crucial for social inclusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze studies comparing first impressions of autistic and non-autistic people.
  • To investigate the influence of measure type, stimulus modality, and observer/participant characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search and meta-analysis of 21 articles.
  • Inclusion of studies comparing first impressions across various stimulus presentation formats (audio-only, video-only, audio-video, still image, speech transcript).
  • Analysis of 221 effects to determine differences in first impressions.

Main Results:

  • First impressions were consistently less favorable for autistic compared to non-autistic individuals across most modalities.
  • Differences were more pronounced for interpersonal attraction and social/communication ratings than for personality traits.
  • Observer characteristics, like autism knowledge and contact quality, influenced first impressions.

Conclusions:

  • First impressions significantly disadvantage autistic individuals in social interactions.
  • The findings underscore the importance of addressing biases in initial perceptions to improve social outcomes for autistic people.
  • Further research into observer characteristics can inform interventions to promote positive intergroup relations.