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Insight into Face Identity Recognition Ability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Kadie Cheng1, Romina Palermo2, Simone Favelle3

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|February 27, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People have a moderate understanding of their face recognition skills. Self-report measures are not very useful for identifying difficulties with recognizing faces.

Keywords:
Face identityFace recognitionInsightProsopagnosiaSelf-report

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Face recognition ability is crucial for social interaction.
  • The accuracy of self-perceived face recognition compared to objective measures is not well understood.
  • Understanding this relationship is key for diagnosing face recognition deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the strength of the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured face recognition ability.
  • To identify moderators influencing this relationship.
  • To assess the utility of self-report measures in identifying face recognition difficulties.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, ProQuest).
  • Inclusion criteria: English language, adult samples, objective face recognition task, self-reported face recognition measure, and reported relationship.
  • A random effects meta-analysis with robust variance estimation was performed on 141 effect sizes from 44 studies (N=11,074).

Main Results:

  • A significant, medium-strength positive relationship was found between self-reported and objective face recognition ability (r=.26).
  • The relationship was strongest in mixed samples of neurotypicals and developmental prosopagnosics (r=.64).
  • Face memory tasks showed a stronger effect size (r=.30) than face perception tasks (r=.21). Heterogeneity was noted in neurotypical samples.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals possess modest insight into their face recognition capabilities.
  • Self-report measures have limited utility for accurately identifying face recognition impairments.
  • Methodological variations in studies, particularly concerning neurotypical samples, warrant further investigation.