Chemokines with CXC motif and their receptors in neuroendocrine neoplasms
Abstract:
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are challenging rare neoplasms not only for diagnosis but also for management. Immunotherapy has become a promising approach for NENs and clinical trials in phase I-II have been undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this treatment strategy. In fact, the NEN microenvironment is characterized by immunosuppressive cell composition and both tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages are present. According to recent studies, chemokines with the CXC motif and their receptors participate in NEN progression and generate signals, which favor their immune escape. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the direct and indirect action of CXC chemokines and their receptors on NEN progression and specific immune cells' action. In addition, we highlighted the potential value of chemokines with the CXC motif and their receptors in tracking the progression of NENs and therapy of patients with NENs.
Insights
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors. CXC chemokines and their receptors influence NEN progression and immune evasion, offering potential for tracking disease and guiding therapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) present diagnostic and management challenges.
- The tumor microenvironment in NENs is often immunosuppressive, with tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages.
- Chemokines with the CXC motif and their receptors are implicated in NEN progression and immune escape.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the direct and indirect roles of CXC chemokines and their receptors in NEN progression.
- To examine the impact of CXC chemokines on immune cells within the NEN microenvironment.
- To highlight the potential of CXC chemokines as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NENs.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies on CXC chemokines, their receptors, and NENs.
- Analysis of the mechanisms by which CXC chemokines affect NEN progression and immune cells.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on the clinical relevance of CXC chemokines in NENs.
Main Results:
- CXC chemokines and their receptors play multifaceted roles in NEN progression, influencing tumor growth and metastasis.
- These molecules modulate the activity of key immune cells, contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
- Evidence suggests CXC chemokines are involved in facilitating immune escape by NENs.
Conclusions:
- CXC chemokines and their receptors are critical regulators of NEN progression and immune evasion.
- Targeting CXC chemokine pathways may represent a novel immunotherapy strategy for NENs.
- These molecules hold promise for use in monitoring NEN progression and predicting treatment response.
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