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The prevalence and clinical considerations of Os Vesalianum Pedis: A meta-analysis
Aleksander Osiowski1, Maciej Preinl1, Maksymilian Osiowski1
1Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, Krakow 31-008, Poland; Ortho and Spine Research Group, Zakopane, Poland.
Background:
Os vesalianum (OV) is a rare anatomical variation located at the lateral site of the foot. Although usually asymptomatic, it can occasionally be connected to painful disorders. The aim of this study was to provide a first meta-analysis establishing its prevalence with multiple subgroup analyses.
Methods:
Three major databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect) were thoroughly searched for studies reporting data on the prevalence of OV up until August 2024. The relevant data regarding OV was extracted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were closely followed in this study. AQUA-tool was used to assess the quality of included studies.
Results:
A total of 22 studies and 21 312 feet were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) of OV was found to be 0.6 % (95 %CI: 0.4-0.9). In the female subgroup, the PPE of OV was 0.6 % (95 %CI: 0.3-1.4) and in the male group 0.5 % (95 %CI: 0.2-1.3). Os vesalianum was most common in the North American population (1.0 %, 95 %CI: 0.6-1.7), then it was equally prevalent in Europe (0.6 %, 95 %CI: 0.3-1.3) and in Asia (0.6 %, 95 %CI: 0.3-1.0). In studies that examined the prevalence of OV with an X Ray examination, the PPE was 0.6 % (95 %CI: 0.4-1.0).
Conclusions:
Os vesalianum is an uncommon accessory ossicle that is present in less than one in a hundred feet. In rare occasions, OV may be a cause of lateral foot pain, thus it must be differentiated with relatively more usual encounters such as fractures of fifth metatarsal bone or Iselin's disease.
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