Aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism and alcohol metabolism in alcoholics

Significant differences in the incidence of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme I deficiency were observed between healthy controls and alcoholics in Japan. Only about 5% of alcoholics were found deficient as compared to about 42% in the normal healthy population. Blood acetaldehyde level after alcohol drinking was also found significantly higher in deficient subjects than in individuals without deficiency. Among alcoholics, deficient subjects showed relatively less elevated blood acetaldehyde levels. When two districts in Japan were compared, per capita alcohol consumption correlated with the frequency of isozyme deficiency. Higher percentage of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme deficiency was associated with lower per capita alcohol consumption. Thus, individuals deficient in aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme may consume less alcohol.