A clinical update on chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses that presents different phenotypes and endotypes. CRS is a common health problem associated with significant morbidity, as well as with high health care expenditure. As our knowledge on inflammation, tissue remodeling and pathophysiological mechanisms develops, both diagnosis and therapeutic approaches to CRS improve. This review outlines key drivers in the pathogenesis of CRS with and without nasal polyps, current diagnostic tools clinicians can rely on in clinical practice, and current and future treatment options, while providing a general overview of up-to-date guidelines for CRS diagnosis and management. A better understanding of CRS can pave the way for the optimization and development of novel therapies, benefiting patients who suffer with more severe phenotypes and allowing a personalized approach to the disease.