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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Molecular Ecology
  • Phycology

Background:

  • Marine ecosystems are experiencing significant biogeographical shifts due to climate change and invasive species.
  • Turf and foliose algae are vital coastal primary producers facing range expansions.
  • Accurate monitoring of these algae is essential for understanding ecosystem dynamics but is hindered by morphological identification challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of DNA metabarcoding (COI and rbcL markers) against morphological identification for describing intertidal turf and foliose algae communities.
  • To assess the effectiveness of molecular methods in detecting species diversity and regional distribution patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of DNA metabarcoding (using COI and rbcL markers) with traditional in situ and photoquadrat morphological identification.
  • Analysis of intertidal turf and foliose algae communities along the Portuguese coast.
  • Evaluation of taxonomic resolution and detection capabilities of each method.

Main Results:

  • DNA metabarcoding detected a higher number of taxa and provided better discrimination of regional algae communities compared to morphological methods.
  • The molecular approach successfully differentiated morphologically similar species and detected unicellular organisms.
  • Morphological methods identified some taxa not detected by metabarcoding, potentially due to limitations in reference databases or taxonomic resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-marker DNA metabarcoding is a more efficient and accurate tool for characterizing turf and foliose algae communities than morphology-based methods.
  • Metabarcoding offers advantages in speed, reproducibility, and taxonomic resolution for long-term monitoring programs.
  • While metabarcoding shows great promise, ongoing efforts to expand reference barcode databases are crucial for comprehensive biodiversity assessment.