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The hidden connection between gut microbiota and periprosthetic joint infections: a scoping review

Alessandro Singlitico1, Daniele Grassa1, Rami Kaplan1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Bone and Joint Infection
|April 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) may be linked to gut microbiome disruption. Further research is needed to confirm the connection between compromised gut health and PJI development.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Microbiome Research
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) present a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery.
  • Increasing rates of prosthetic joint arthroplasties heighten the need for effective PJI prevention strategies.
  • The gut microbiome's role in PJI development and management is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize existing literature on the gut microbiome and PJIs.
  • To explore potential links between gut dysbiosis and PJI risk.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and guide future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search without filters.
  • Systematic analysis and compilation of relevant studies.
  • Review of existing evidence on gut microbiome alterations and PJI.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary evidence suggests a potential association between PJIs and a compromised gut microbiome.
  • The reviewed literature indicates gut microbiome disruption as a possible contributing factor to PJI development.
  • Current evidence is limited, necessitating further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • A potential link exists between periprosthetic joint infections and gut microbiome compromise.
  • Further high-quality research is essential to establish causality and understand mechanisms.
  • Investigating the gut microbiome could offer novel avenues for PJI prevention and treatment.

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