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Comparative Study of Acid Etching and SLA Surface Modification for Titanium Implants.

Gabriel M Vieira1, Tatiane C S Almeida1, Fernanda P Oliveira1

  • 1Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Acid etching offers a cleaner, safer alternative to sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) modification for titanium dental implants. This method enhances surface bioactivity and cell response, improving implant performance.

Keywords:
cell adhesiondental implantsosseointegrationsurface-active agentstitanium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface treatment for titanium (Ti) dental implants generates dust, posing environmental and safety concerns.
  • Surface modification is critical for enhancing Ti dental implant osseointegration and clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate acid etching as a cleaner, simpler alternative to SLA for Ti dental implant surface modification.
  • To compare the surface characteristics and biological responses of acid-etched Ti with SLA-treated Ti.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of commercially pure Ti (cp-Ti) surfaces treated by acid etching and SLA.
  • Assessment of surface roughness (Rq), wettability (contact angle), and mineralized matrix deposition (simulated body fluid soaking).
  • Evaluation of cell viability, differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity), and mineralization (MTT assay).

Main Results:

  • Acid-etched surfaces displayed nano- and micro-roughness and enhanced hydrophilicity compared to SLA surfaces.
  • Earlier hydroxyapatite deposition was observed on acid-etched Ti after simulated body fluid soaking.
  • Acid-etched surfaces demonstrated improved cell viability and differentiation and were non-toxic.

Conclusions:

  • Acid etching is a viable, cleaner alternative to the SLA method for Ti dental implant surface modification.
  • Acid-etched Ti surfaces exhibit superior bioactivity and biocompatibility, promoting better osseointegration.
  • This method addresses safety and environmental concerns associated with SLA while enhancing implant performance.