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Global Barriers to Otolaryngology Care
Rolvix H Patterson1,2, Ali Haider Bangash3, Nader Zalaquett4
1Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck Surgery
|April 24, 2025
Summary
Global otolaryngology care faces significant barriers, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Addressing these challenges is crucial for equitable access to ear, nose, and throat services worldwide.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Surgical Specialties
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Access to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) care is uneven globally.
- Disparities are particularly pronounced in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
- Understanding these barriers is key to improving care equity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the barriers to comprehensive OHNS care across different World Bank income groups.
- To identify specific challenges faced by healthcare providers and patients.
Main Methods:
- An online cross-sectional survey was administered to otolaryngologists worldwide.
- Data were collected from October 2022 to June 2023.
- Participants' perceptions of barriers at country, health sector, clinician, and patient levels were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Barriers to OHNS care were reported across all income groups and health system levels.
- LMICs reported more frequent and substantial barriers, including workforce distribution and clinician compensation.
- Common barriers included workforce shortages, referral issues, clinician workload, and patient-related factors like distance and financial burden.
Conclusions:
- Significant global barriers impede otolaryngology care access.
- These challenges affect all levels of the healthcare system.
- Targeted strategies are needed to improve OHNS care access, especially in LMICs.
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