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Controlling Glycan Folding with Ionic Functional Groups.

Nishu Yadav1,2, Ana Poveda3, Yadiel Vázquez Mena1,4

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Researchers engineered a glycan sequence with ionic groups to control its shape. This glycan

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate chemistry
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Glycans (carbohydrate-based polymers) exhibit conformational flexibility.
  • Ionic functional groups on glycans influence their structure, dynamics, and aggregation.
  • Natural systems utilize ionic interactions to control biological molecule behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a synthetic glycan sequence with controllable secondary structure.
  • To investigate the role of ionic interactions in dictating glycan conformation.
  • To explore the potential of glycans as responsive materials.

Main Methods:

  • Strategic incorporation of ionic substituents into a glycan sequence.
  • Design of a glycan hairpin conformation.
  • Application of external stimuli (pH, enzymes) to modulate glycan structure.
  • Analysis of glycan aggregation under varying protonation states.

Main Results:

  • Engineered glycan sequence adopted a hairpin conformation.
  • Complementary ionic groups stabilized closed hairpin structures.
  • Ionic repulsions induced shifts towards open glycan conformations.
  • External stimuli dynamically controlled hairpin opening and closing.
  • Changes in protonation states triggered glycan aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic groups provide precise control over glycan secondary structure.
  • Dynamic structural changes in glycans can be achieved via external stimuli.
  • Responsive glycan-based materials can be developed using ionic interactions and aggregation.
  • This work offers new strategies for designing functional glycan architectures.