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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Language processing in emergencies recruits both language and default mode networks.

Junjie Wu1, Guang Yang2, Zhisai Liu3

  • 1Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, Australia.

Neuropsychologia
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Emergency language processing involves both the language network (LN) and default mode network (DMN). Brain activity in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) correlated with stress and performance in high-emergency scenarios.

Keywords:
Default mode networkEmergenciesFunctional near-infrared spectroscopyLanguage processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Effective language processing is critical for professionals in emergency situations.
  • Previous research focused on language processing in silence or non-emergency noise.
  • Neural mechanisms of language processing during emergencies, particularly the roles of the language network (LN) and default mode network (DMN), remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying language processing in simulated high-emergency and low-emergency scenarios.
  • To examine the involvement of the language network (LN) and default mode network (DMN) during emergency language tasks.
  • To explore the correlation between brain activity, stress levels, and language performance in emergency contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure brain activity.
  • Assessed 60 participants performing language processing tasks under simulated emergency conditions.
  • Compared brain activation patterns between resting state, low-emergency, and high-emergency scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Reading tasks showed reduced activation in DMN regions (bilateral SFG/MFG) and enhanced activation in LN regions (Broca's area, left temporal lobe, left IPL).
  • Increased activity in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) correlated positively with participant-reported stress levels.
  • Language processing performance positively correlated with left MFG activation, specifically in the high-emergency group.

Conclusions:

  • Language processing in emergencies engages both the language network (LN) and default mode network (DMN).
  • The left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) plays a significant role in mediating language processing under stress and emergency conditions.
  • This study enhances understanding of the neural basis of language processing in complex, real-world emergency situations.