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Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Meta-Analysis of Neural Correlates in Chinese Reading and Math Across Cognitive Processing Levels: A Cross-Domain

Jie Chen¹, Ningxin Zhao¹, Zihan Yang¹

¹Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China.

|July 9, 2026

Summary

Reading and math share brain networks, engaging common cognitive processes. This study reveals overlapping neural substrates and dynamic network interactions, proposing a model for understanding learning disabilities like dyslexia and dyscalculia.

Keywords:

Activation likelihood estimation (ALE)Math Meta-analytic connectivity modelling (MACM)Multiple-Demand Network (MDN) and Language Network (LN)Reading fMRI

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Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

Reading and mathematics, while distinct, share overlapping neural substrates and complex cognitive processes.
Understanding the common symbolic processing mechanisms is crucial for deciphering brain organization in these domains.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cross-domain neural substrates for cognitive processing in reading and math at different levels.
To examine the dynamic interactions between brain networks involved in reading and math.

Main Methods:

Utilized activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) on fMRI data from 54 Chinese reading and 65 math studies.
Analyzed brain activation patterns for orthography, semantics, sentence reading, number sense, symbolic comparison, and calculation.

Main Results:

Reading involves left-lateralized language networks, while math predominantly activates parietal and frontal regions.
Both domains engage the fronto-parietal multiple-demand system, with increasing interaction with language networks at higher processing levels.
Identified distinct yet overlapping neural substrates for different cognitive levels in reading and math.

Conclusions:

Proposed a Hierarchical Interactive Model highlighting commonalities in reading and math based on network interaction patterns.
Findings offer insights into the neural basis of learning disabilities such as dyslexia and dyscalculia.