Biocompatible composites based on alginate, polycaprolactone, and nanocellulose - A review

Biocompatible composite materials are gaining attention for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, mechanical strength, and tunability. The fabrication techniques and applications significantly impact composite performance. This paper explores the synthesis of composites from alginate, polycaprolactone (PCL), and nanocellulose, emphasizing their distinct properties for biomedical use. Alginate provides excellent biocompatibility and gelling ability, PCL offers controlled mechanical strength, and nanocellulose enhances stability due to its superior mechanical properties. Key fabrication techniques include solution mixing, hot pressing, melt mixing/extrusion, electrospinning, and 3D printing, each influencing structural integrity, mechanical properties, and material dispersion. Optimizing fabrication methods is crucial for achieve desirable properties in specific applications. The choice of synthesis technique directly affects the final use, such as drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, or wound dressings. This review discusses the challenges and prospects of developing alginate-, PCL-, and nanocellulose-based composites, offering insights into their future biomedical applications.