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Rheological Insight into the 3D Printability of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogels
Itziar Insua1, Oliver Etzold2, Itxaso Calafel1
1POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 25, 2025
Summary
This study analyzes carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels for 3D printing using Direct Ink Writing (DIW). Rheological analysis reveals key properties for optimizing printable hydrogel formulations.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
- Rheology
Background:
- Direct Ink Writing (DIW) is a 3D printing method for hydrogel fabrication.
- Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels are promising for biomedical applications.
- Understanding hydrogel rheology is crucial for successful DIW.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive rheological analysis of CMC-based hydrogels for DIW.
- To investigate the yielding and recovery properties of CMC hydrogels containing atenolol.
- To establish a framework for optimizing DIW hydrogel formulations.
Main Methods:
- Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) testing to examine viscoelastic properties.
- Analysis of Lissajous-Bowditch plots and Fourier Transform (FT) coefficients.
- Evaluation of stress signal anharmonicity and elastic/viscous components.
Main Results:
- Distinguished structural evolution under flow among different hydrogel formulations.
- Gained quantitative and qualitative insights into hydrogel dynamics.
- Identified the role of elastic strains in oscillatory yielding and printability.
Conclusions:
- The study provides valuable understanding of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in CMC hydrogels.
- The findings offer a framework for optimizing hydrogel formulations for DIW applications.
- This research aids in the development of advanced 3D-printed hydrogels for biomedical use.
