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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
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Emotional Intelligence in Portuguese Youth: Age and Gender Differences
1School of Health and Human Development and Comprehensive Health Research Center, University of Evora, 7004-516 Evora, Portugal.
Journal of Intelligence
|April 25, 2025
Summary
Emotional intelligence (EI) in youth declines with age, particularly in adaptability and intrapersonal skills, despite stable social abilities. Interventions should support adolescent emotional development.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Emotional intelligence (EI) is crucial for youth well-being, social adaptation, and academic success.
- Understanding age- and gender-related EI differences is vital for targeted interventions.
- Perceived EI development during adolescence requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine age- and gender-related variations in perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) among Portuguese youth.
- To analyze differences across five EI domains: intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, and general mood.
- To inform the development of tailored educational interventions for adolescent emotional growth.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i:YV) for assessment.
- Evaluated 931 students aged 8–16 from diverse regions in Portugal.
- Employed statistical analysis to identify age and gender differences in EI domains.
Main Results:
- Perceived EI generally declines with age, especially in adaptability and intrapersonal skills.
- Interpersonal skills and stress management remain stable, while self-awareness and emotional regulation face challenges.
- Girls showed higher interpersonal skills and stress management in early adolescence; boys reported better general mood in mid-adolescence.
- No significant differences were found in overall EQ-i:YV scores.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent EI development is not linear and presents significant age- and gender-specific variations.
- Interpersonal strengths contrast with emerging difficulties in intrapersonal competencies.
- Educational strategies must address specific emotional skill deficits in different adolescent subgroups.
Keywords:
EQ-i:YVPortuguese youthage differencesemotional developmentemotional intelligencegender differencesperceived emotional intelligenceMore Related Videos
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