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Systematic Review of Tinea Nigra: A Clinical Approach
Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Romero1, José Ramón García-Lira1, Norma Olivia de la O-Escamilla1
1Dermatology Department, Federico Gomez Children's Hospital of Mexico, National Institute of Health, Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 25, 2025
Summary
Tinea nigra, a fungal infection causing dark palm patches, is most common in tropical Americas, affecting females more. Topical treatments show a 100% resolution rate within 4 weeks.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Tinea nigra (TN) is a superficial fungal infection caused by melanized fungi, primarily *Hortaea werneckii*.
- It presents as irregular, dark macules, typically on the palms, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the epidemiology, demographics, lesion distribution, diagnostic methods, causative agents, and treatment outcomes of Tinea nigra.
- To consolidate current knowledge on TN to guide clinical practice and future research.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases (January 1990 - January 2025).
- Inclusion of 42 studies reporting 102 cases of Tinea nigra.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques (KOH, culture, dermoscopy), identified fungal species, and treatment modalities.
Main Results:
- Tinea nigra is more prevalent in tropical regions, particularly the Americas (64 cases), with a predilection for females (58 cases) and a mean age of 16.7 years.
- Palmar involvement was most frequent (75 cases), with *Hortaea werneckii* being the predominant causative agent (74 cases).
- Topical therapies, including Whitfield's ointment and azole creams, were most common, achieving a 100% resolution rate with an average treatment duration of 4 weeks.
Conclusions:
- Tinea nigra, though uncommon, requires understanding of its epidemiology and clinical features for accurate diagnosis.
- Standard diagnostic methods like KOH preparation and fungal culture are crucial.
- Effective treatment outcomes are achievable with various topical antifungal agents, highlighting the need for continued research into this superficial fungal infection.
