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Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Protecting centrosomes from fracturing enables efficient cell navigation.

Madeleine T Schmitt1, Janina Kroll1, Mauricio J A Ruiz-Fernandez1

  • 1Biomedical Center, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Science Advances
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centrosomes, crucial microtubule organizers, can deform and fracture under mechanical stress. Cells maintain centrosome integrity via Dyrk3 and cNAP1 to prevent functional impairment during navigation.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2025

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Centrosomes organize microtubules and are vital for cellular functions.
  • Mechanical forces from the cellular environment can impact microtubule integrity.
  • The mechanical resilience of membraneless centrosomes remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how centrosomes withstand mechanical forces.
  • To identify mechanisms maintaining centrosome integrity under stress.
  • To understand the functional consequences of centrosome fracturing.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell imaging of centrosome dynamics in motile cells.
  • Perturbation of Dyrk3 and cNAP1 levels.
  • Analysis of microtubule organization and cellular navigation.

Main Results:

  • Centrosomes deform and can fracture when subjected to mechanical stress during cell migration.
  • Dyrk3 and cNAP1 are essential for maintaining centrosome coherence and preventing fracturing.
  • Fractured centrosomes lead to multiple competing microtubule organizing centers, impairing cell navigation and causing entanglement.

Conclusions:

  • Cells actively preserve centrosome integrity to withstand mechanical forces.
  • Centrosome stability is crucial for proper cellular function, particularly in mechanically active environments.
  • Understanding centrosome mechanics is vital for comprehending cell behavior in multicellular organisms.