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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:15

Mass Spectrometry of Amines

In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic aliphatic amines show...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...

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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A New Approach for Nanoparticle's Mapping and Quantification in Organ Tissue
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Search for Light Dark Matter with NEWS-G at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane Using a Methane Target.

M M Arora1, L Balogh1, C Beaufort2

  • 1Queen's University, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|April 25, 2025
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Summary

The NEWS-G experiment searched for light dark matter using a spherical proportional counter. New results provide improved constraints on dark matter-proton interactions in the sub-GeV mass range.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • The nature of dark matter remains one of the most significant unsolved problems in physics.
  • Direct detection experiments aim to observe dark matter particles interacting with ordinary matter.
  • Light dark matter candidates are particularly challenging to detect with current experimental sensitivities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To search for light dark matter candidates using the NEWS-G (New Experiments With Spherical Neutral Gas) detector.
  • To constrain the parameter space of dark matter models, specifically focusing on spin-dependent interactions with protons.
  • To report new results from a recent 10-day physics run utilizing a large spherical proportional counter.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 135 cm diameter spherical proportional counter filled with 114 g of methane as the target gas.
  • Conducted a 10-day physics data acquisition run at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM), a deep underground laboratory.
  • Analyzed detector response to potential dark matter signals, focusing on low-energy nuclear recoils.

Main Results:

  • Achieved sensitivity to dark matter spin-dependent coupling to protons.
  • Presented new exclusion limits on light dark matter in the mass range of 0.17 to 1.2 GeV/c².
  • Established a 90% confidence level cross-section upper limit of 30.9 pb for a dark matter mass of 0.76 GeV/c².

Conclusions:

  • The NEWS-G experiment has successfully constrained parameter space for light dark matter models.
  • The results demonstrate the potential of spherical proportional counters for future direct detection experiments.
  • Further analysis and longer runs are expected to improve sensitivity to dark matter interactions.