Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.5K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.5K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

30.9K
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
30.9K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

45.4K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
45.4K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.1K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

903
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
903
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

920
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
920

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical study.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery·2026
Same author

Enhancing the Interfacial Adhesion by a Novel Benzofuran-Substituted Self-Assembled Molecules for Thermal Cycle Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Integration of Cervical Length, Inflammatory Marker, and Vaginal Biomarkers (PAMG-1 and fFN) in the Diagnosis of Threatened Preterm Labor.

Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology·2026
Same author

Transcriptomic Analysis of Bovine Oocytes at GV and MII Stages and Dynamic Changes in Key Gene Expression Patterns.

Biology·2026
Same author

Multifunctional Additives Suppressed Phase Segregation of Wide-Bandgap Perovskites for Semitransparent Solar Cells.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same author

PFAS Across the Placenta and Its Potential Impact on Glucose Imbalance and Infant Growth.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

8.9K

Mixing Time of Open Quantum Systems via Hypocoercivity.

Di Fang1,2, Jianfeng Lu1,3,4, Yu Tong1,2,5,6

  • 1Duke University, Department of Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to estimate mixing times in open quantum systems by analyzing Hamiltonian and dissipative parts separately. This approach avoids complex spectral gap calculations, simplifying analysis for certain quantum systems.

More Related Videos

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

12.7K
Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

8.9K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

12.7K
Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Estimating mixing time in open quantum systems is crucial.
  • Current methods rely on spectral gap estimation of the Lindbladian generator, which is often difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a novel theoretical framework to estimate the mixing time of open quantum systems.
  • Circumvent the need for a priori estimation of the spectral gap of the Lindbladian generator.

Main Methods:

  • Treat the Hamiltonian and dissipative parts of open quantum systems separately.
  • Construct an energy functional inspired by the hypocoercivity of classical kinetic theory.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework provides mixing time estimates for a class of quantum systems.
  • This method is applicable to systems where direct spectral gap estimation is challenging.

Conclusions:

  • The novel framework offers a practical approach to analyzing mixing times in specific open quantum systems.
  • The technique offers an alternative to traditional spectral gap analysis for quantum system dynamics.