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Updated: May 10, 2025

A Complex Diving-For-Food Task to Investigate Social Organization and Interactions in Rats
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Linking ringed seal foraging behaviour to environmental variability.

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  • 1Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland. milaja.ny@gmail.com.

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Saimaa ringed seals adjust their foraging behavior seasonally, optimizing energy intake by diving more in summer and conserving energy in winter. This flexibility may aid survival in a changing climate.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Animal behavior
  • Conservation science

Background:

  • Foraging behavior is critical for animal energetics, survival, and reproduction.
  • Understanding habitat use and behavioral changes is key to assessing environmental impacts on species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify dive types and estimate behavioral states of Saimaa ringed seals (Pusa hispida saimensis).
  • To identify environmental and temporal drivers of foraging behavior in this endangered subspecies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hidden Markov models and telemetry data to classify seal dives.
  • Employed generalized additive mixed models to analyze foraging probability and its drivers.

Main Results:

  • Identified three (winter) or four (summer) distinct dive types, including foraging dives.
  • Found significant seasonal differences in behavior, with more foraging in summer (36%) than winter (21%).
  • Foraging probability peaked in July, was higher during daytime, and varied with lake depth seasonally, with females showing sheltered water preference in winter.

Conclusions:

  • Saimaa ringed seal foraging is influenced by diel vertical fish movements and availability, with seals optimizing energy acquisition and conservation, especially in winter.
  • The observed flexibility in foraging strategies may enhance the subspecies' resilience to climate change.