Surveying the Digital Cytology Workflow in Italy: An Initial Report on AI Integration Across Key Professional Roles

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in digital cytology, has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency. However, AI adoption remains limited due to technological and human-related barriers. Understanding the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals is essential for overcoming these challenges and facilitating effective AI implementation.

This study aimed to assess AI integration in digital cytology workflows by evaluating professionals' perspectives on its benefits, challenges, and requirements for successful adoption.

A survey was conducted among 150 professionals working in public and private healthcare settings in Italy, including laboratory technicians (35%), medical doctors (25%), biologists (20%), and specialists in diagnostic technical sciences (20%). Data were collected through a structured Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) and a Virtual Focus Group (VFG) to capture quantitative and qualitative insights on AI familiarity, perceived advantages, and barriers to adoption.

The findings indicated varying levels of AI familiarity among professionals. While many recognized AI's potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and streamline workflows, concerns were raised regarding resistance to change, implementation costs, and doubts about AI reliability. Participants emphasized the need for structured training and continuous support to facilitate AI adoption in digital cytology.

Addressing barriers such as resistance, cost, and trust is essential for the successful integration of AI in digital cytology workflows. Tailored training programs and ongoing professional support can enhance AI adoption, ultimately optimizing diagnostic processes and improving clinical outcomes.