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Updated: May 10, 2025

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
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The Perspective on Secondary Research Practices: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Piotr Ratajczak1, Katarzyna Oziewicz1, Isolde Sommer2

  • 1Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.

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Summary

Researchers increasingly use software for systematic reviews, with high adherence to PRISMA guidelines. However, gaps in keyword generation and protocol registration persist, impacting the quality of secondary studies.

Keywords:
COVID-19CochranePRISMAsecondary studiessystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Evidence Synthesis
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated scientific publishing, increasing the need for reliable secondary studies like systematic reviews.
  • Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing evidence to inform clinical and public health decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze current practices, preferences, and challenges in conducting secondary studies.
  • To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary research methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was distributed to researchers involved in secondary research, with contact information sourced from PubMed.
  • The survey included 24 questions covering general information, systematic review processes, and pandemic-related changes.
  • Statistical analysis, including Pearson's Chi-squared test, was used to identify significant correlations in responses.

Main Results:

  • Only 26.9% of researchers use keyword-generation tools; PubMed users were more likely to use MeSH terms.
  • Systematic review software, like Covidence, is widely adopted, especially for rapid reviews and during the screening stage.
  • 94.9% adhere to PRISMA guidelines, with protocol registration strongly associated with this adherence.
  • Embase users were more likely to include RCTs, while Cochrane reviewers relied less on non-randomized trials.
  • 64.3% observed a significant increase in secondary studies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • Secondary research shows increasing reliance on software tools and adherence to guidelines like PRISMA.
  • Gaps in protocol registration and keyword generation practices were identified.
  • Targeted training can address these gaps to enhance the quality of future secondary studies, especially during health crises.