Head and Neck Positions Affect Equine Kinematic Variables in Marcha Batida Gait-A Pilot Study

Area of Science:

• Equine Biomechanics
• Animal Locomotion

Background:

• The Mangalarga Marchador (MM) breed performs a unique four-beat gait called
• Understanding head and neck positions (HNPs) is crucial for optimizing performance and welfare in MM horses.
• Previous research has not fully explored the kinematic effects of various HNPs on the Marcha Batida gait.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate how different head and neck positions (HNPs) influence the kinematics of the Marcha Batida gait in Mangalarga Marchador horses.
• To provide data-driven insights for training and competition standards, focusing on performance and horse welfare.

Main Methods:

• Kinematic data were collected using an optoelectronic system on Mangalarga Marchador horses performing the Marcha Batida gait.
• Four distinct head and neck positions (HNPs) were analyzed: HPN1 (loose reins), HNP2 (competition standard), HNP3 (extremely elevated), and HNP4 (behind-the-vertical).

Main Results:

• Head and neck position significantly affected gait kinematics, including diagonal dissociation, stride length, and step height.
• HNP3 (extremely elevated) resulted in the highest diagonal dissociation, shortest stride length, and increased step height.
• HNP1 (loose reins) produced the longest stride length, while HNP2 and HNP4 showed differences in diagonal dissociation.

Conclusions:

• The study confirms the benefits of HNP2, the recommended competition standard for Mangalarga Marchador horses.
• The use of HNP3 is discouraged due to its significant impact on gait kinematics and potential welfare implications.
• Further research on HNPs in four-beat gaits and rider training is essential for optimizing performance and welfare.