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Reversible Cardio-Renal-Cerebral Syndrome in a Dog: A Case Report
Gianira Candelario1, George Kramer2, Brienne Williams2
1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Lewyt College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|October 2, 2025
Summary
A miniature Pinscher with kidney disease, hyperkalemia, and heart block showed neurological signs. A pacemaker improved cardiac output, resolving neurological and renal complications.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Chronic renal disease can lead to complex complications.
- Azotemia, hyperkalemia, and bradycardia are serious indicators of decompensation.
- Neurological signs can manifest secondary to cardiorenal dysfunction.

