Beyond Conventional Treatments: The Role of Complementary Therapies in Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer is one of the most common cancers globally, with high mortality and significant treatment-related side effects. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have improved survival but often have serious consequences for patients' quality of life. For this reason, there is growing interest in complementary therapies such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, cannabinoids, traditional Chinese medicine, and mind-body therapies.

This review was conducted through a systematic analysis of the scientific literature available on PubMed and Scopus, selecting studies about the use of alternative therapies in patients with head and neck cancer according to strict criteria.

Acupuncture has shown benefits in the management of xerostomia and dysphagia, while some herbal medicines have shown potential anticancer effects, although with limitations related to bioavailability. Vitamins and antioxidants showed mixed results: some studies suggest a protective effect, while others report a possible increased risk of cancer progression. Cannabinoids are a controversial topic, with possible palliative benefits but also a higher risk of head and neck cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine and mind-body therapies, such as yoga, have shown positive effects on patients' well-being, although their direct impact on cancer progression remains uncertain.

Alternative therapies could be a useful support in managing symptoms and improving the quality of life patients with head and neck cancer. However, solid scientific evidence on their effectiveness and safety is still lacking. Rigorous clinical studies are needed to assess their therapeutic potential and define a safe integration into multidisciplinary cancer management.