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Mapping the Quantitative Dose-Response Relationships Between Nutrients and Health Outcomes to Inform Food
Gabriel Mateus1, Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo2,3, Ricardo Assunção1,4
1Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2025
Summary
This review synthesizes nutrient-health relationships, finding dietary fiber beneficial for cancer prevention and highlighting complex associations for calcium, iron, and zinc. These findings support risk-benefit assessments for healthy diets.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
- Food Systems Analysis
Background:
- Global food systems are transforming towards sustainable and healthy diets.
- Risk-benefit assessment (RBA) is crucial for evaluating dietary changes, especially with novel foods.
- Quantitative dose-response relationships are key to RBA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compile and synthesize quantitative dose-response relationships between nutrients and health outcomes.
- To establish a foundational basis for risk-benefit assessments in nutrition.
- To inform public health strategies and dietary recommendations.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review (last 15 years up to March 2025).
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
- Prioritized recent meta-analyses of low-bias observational studies and RCTs (ROBIS tool).
Main Results:
- Identified significant dose-response relationships for 12 nutrients.
- Dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber, shows protective effects against colorectal cancer.
- Calcium has inverse associations with some cancers; high dairy may increase prostate cancer risk. Haem iron linked to chronic disease risk; zinc shows a U-shaped relationship with colorectal cancer.
Conclusions:
- Nutrient-health relationships are complex, depending on dose, source, and interactions.
- Findings underscore the need to consider dose-response gradients and nutrient sources in RBA.
- This analysis provides a foundation for future RBA of food scenarios and dietary guidance.
Keywords:
dietary modificationshealth outcomesnovel foodsnutrient dose–responserisk–benefit assessmentMore Related Videos
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