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Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

Physiology of Urine Formation

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Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Regulation of Water Output01:26

Regulation of Water Output

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The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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Pediatric Voiding Dysfunction: Definitions and Management.

Ciara Lusnia1, Romano DeMarco2, Cynthia Sharadin2

  • 1Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 32610, USA.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric voiding dysfunction, or lower urinary tract symptoms, is common and can impact kidney health. Early recognition and management, starting with behavioral changes, are crucial for children.

Keywords:
bowel bladder dysfunctionlower urinary tract dysfunctionpediatric voiding dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and voiding dysfunction are prevalent in children.
  • Severe cases can lead to significant medical issues, including compromised renal function.
  • Understanding the diverse presentations is key for effective pediatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the varied clinical presentations of pediatric voiding dysfunction.
  • To outline the spectrum of diagnostic and treatment modalities available for children.
  • To enhance pediatric providers' familiarity with this common condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric voiding dysfunction.
  • Analysis of symptom variability, etiologies, and diagnostic approaches.
  • Examination of treatment strategies, from behavioral interventions to pharmacotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Symptoms of voiding dysfunction in children are highly variable and can be linked to constipation.
  • Etiologies range from behavioral and anatomical to psychological and neurological factors.
  • Ultrasound is a common imaging modality; behavioral changes often precede other treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric voiding dysfunction presents diversely and requires broad provider awareness.
  • Management strategies are tailored to symptom severity and underlying causes.
  • Familiarity with diagnosis and management options is essential for pediatric healthcare providers.