Dietary Patterns and Metabolic and Hormonal Parameters in Women with Suspected PCOS

Background: Insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, excess body weight, and symptoms of hyperandrogenism often accompanies Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). A balanced diet plays a key role in improving the metabolic and biochemical parameters in affected women. This study aims to assess whether dietary improvements in patients with suspected PCOS may affect the severity of the disease and the metabolic and hormonal profile. Methods: The analysis of the relationships between self-declared nutritional changes and biochemical and metabolic parameters included 154 women at the same stage of PCOS diagnosis. Results: Over half of participants reported dietary modifications. Women reducing sweets, fatty red meat, and alcohol intake for >6 months had significantly lower total testosterone (TT) levels compared to those who did not (p < 0.05). Mean TT levels were: 0.375 ± 0.18 ng/mL (median 0.340) vs. 0.787 ± 2.19 ng/mL (median 0.390) for red meat (p = 0.008), 0.359 ± 0.18 ng/mL (median 0.335) vs. 0.681 ± 1.9 ng/mL (median 0.4) for sweets (p = 0.02), and 0.388 ± 0.19 ng/mL (median 0.34) vs. 0.917 ± 2.65 ng/mL (median 0.425) for alcohol (p = 0.004). Patients with dietary changes in the past 6 months had higher androgen levels, BMI, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides than patients with long-term dietary changes (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in key metabolic and biochemical parameters when comparing self-reported diets based on glycemic index (low vs. high). Conclusions: A healthy, balanced diet for women with PCOS requires a multifaceted approach with clear, defined goals. This leads to better results than broad, general dietary recommendations. Long-term dietary changes improve biochemical and metabolic parameters, but maintaining these benefits requires continuous patient motivation.