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Comorbidities and Severe COVID-19 Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of Hospitalized Patients in Three Counties in
Réka Bodea1, Toader Septimiu Voidăzan1, Lorand Iozsef Ferencz2
1Department of Epidemiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
Insights
Hospitalized patients with comorbidities in Central Romania faced severe COVID-19 outcomes. Pre-existing conditions like renal and cardiovascular disease significantly increased mortality risk, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis, with severe disease disproportionately affecting individuals with pre-existing medical conditions (comorbidities).
- Understanding the impact of comorbidities on COVID-19 outcomes in specific regions is crucial for effective public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of severe COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with comorbidities in Central Romania.
- To analyze the association between specific comorbidities and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Corona Forms platform (2020-2022).
- Inclusion of 1458 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and documented comorbidities across three Romanian counties.
- Analysis of demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and hospitalization outcomes, including mortality.
Main Results:
- The overall mortality rate among hospitalized patients with comorbidities was 89.3%.
- Significant risk factors for mortality included renal disease, neurologic disease, hepatic disease, cardiovascular conditions, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular accidents.
- Odds ratios for mortality associated with these conditions ranged from 1 to 25.32.
Conclusions:
- Comorbidities have a critical impact on COVID-19 severity and mortality in the Central Romanian population.
- Targeted clinical interventions and public health strategies are essential to protect high-risk populations with pre-existing conditions.
- The study underscores the vulnerability of patients with multiple health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major global health crisis, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal outcomes. While all individuals are susceptible, specific populations, particularly those with pre-existing medical conditions, face a heightened risk of severe disease. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of severe COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with comorbidities in the Central Region of Romania, and to analyze the association between these conditions and mortality. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Corona Forms platform (2020-2022), encompassing hospitalized cases across three Romanian counties. A total of 1458 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and documented comorbidities were included. Demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and hospitalization outcomes were analyzed. The overall mortality rate among comorbid patients was 89.3%. Renal, neurologic, hepatic disease, cardiovascular conditions, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular accidents are significant risk factors for death outcomes in the SARS-CoV-2-infected study population. The strength of their association varies, with odds ratios ranging from 25.32 to 1. The findings underscore the critical impact of comorbidities on COVID-19 severity and mortality among the Central Romanian population, emphasizing the necessity of targeted clinical interventions and public health strategies to protect high-risk populations.
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