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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Skin Microbiome Overview: How Physical Activity Influences Bacteria.

Cristina Mennitti1, Mariella Calvanese1, Alessandro Gentile1

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.

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|April 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical activity impacts skin microbiota, potentially leading to dysbiosis and disease. This review explores exercise, skin microbes, antimicrobial peptides, and probiotics for skin health and performance.

Keywords:
antimicrobial peptidesphysical activityskin microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Dermatology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • The skin is a dynamic ecosystem, not merely a protective barrier.
  • Skin microbiota plays a vital role in skin health and physiology.
  • Imbalances (dysbiosis) are linked to various diseases, including IBD and obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the skin microbiota and its regulation.
  • To focus on the interplay between physical exercise and skin microbiota.
  • To examine antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and probiotics in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on skin microbiota and physical activity.
  • Analysis of the role of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in regulating skin microbes.
  • Evaluation of the impact of probiotic supplementation on physical performance.

Main Results:

  • Physical activity, especially contact sports, can be a predisposing factor for infectious diseases due to its effect on skin microbiota.
  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key regulators of the skin microbial environment.
  • Probiotics show potential for modulating skin microbiota and enhancing physical performance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the skin microbiota-exercise interaction is crucial for health and disease prevention.
  • AMPs and probiotics represent potential therapeutic targets for managing skin dysbiosis.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the benefits of probiotics for athletes.