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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

In Situ Detection of Bacteria within Paraffin-embedded Tissues Using a Digoxin-labeled DNA Probe Targeting 16S rRNA
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The Subgingival Microbial Composition in Health and Periodontitis with Different Probing Depths.

Jingyan Wang1,2, Yiran Geng2,3, Jing Guo2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.

Microorganisms
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Periodontal pocket microbiota varies significantly with disease severity. Deeper pockets show increased microbial diversity, while specific bacteria like Schaalia increase in shallow periodontitis pockets, impacting oral health.

Keywords:
microbiomeperiodontitisprobing depth (PD)subgingival dental plaque

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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology
  • Periodontology
  • Microbial ecology

Background:

  • Periodontitis is characterized by distinct microbial profiles compared to healthy gums.
  • Understanding shifts in subgingival microbiota across periodontal pocket depths is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the subgingival plaque microbiome across varying probing depths (PD) in periodontitis patients.
  • To compare microbial diversity, composition, and interactions between healthy and periodontitis states.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 64 subgingival plaque samples from healthy subjects and stage III periodontitis patients.
  • Samples collected from periodontal pockets with PD 0-3 mm, PD 4-5 mm, and PD 6-9 mm.
  • Co-occurrence network analysis to assess interspecies interactions at the species level.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher alpha diversity in the PD 6-9 mm group compared to the health group.
  • Distinct subgingival microbial community structures in periodontitis patients across all pocket depths.
  • Increased relative abundance of Schaalia and decreased Corynebacterium/Cardiobacterium in shallow periodontitis pockets (PD 0-3 mm).
  • The PD 4-5 mm group exhibited the most complex interspecies interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial diversity, composition, and interactions vary significantly with periodontal health and disease severity.
  • These variations hold potential relevance for clinical diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies in periodontitis.