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Prevalence and Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China

Rong Zhang1, Yue-Rong Lv2, Bo Yang3

  • 1Otok Banner Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Ordos 016100, China.

Veterinary Sciences
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Paratuberculosis (PTB) in sheep is widespread in Inner Mongolia, with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) detected in 3.34% of samples. Geographical location and breed influence MAP prevalence, with both C- and S-types coexisting.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic wasting disease in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP).
  • Effective diagnosis, prevention, and control of PTB are challenging, leading to significant economic losses in the livestock industry.
  • High-sensitivity and high-specificity detection methods are crucial for managing PTB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first large-scale epidemiological investigation of PTB in sheep across Inner Mongolia.
  • To perform MAP genotyping to understand the distribution of different MAP strains.
  • To identify potential risk factors associated with MAP prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of 1585 fresh fecal samples from sheep across 12 prefectures and cities in Inner Mongolia (March 2022 - October 2024).
  • DNA extraction from fecal samples.
  • Detection and genotyping of MAP using a two-step quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.

Main Results:

  • Overall MAP prevalence in ovine fecal samples was 3.34% (53/1585), with regional variations from 0% to 7.73%.
  • Prevalence differed across geographical regions (East: 4.74%, Central: 3.68%, West: 1.49%) and farm types (small-scale: 3.23%, intensive: 3.56%).
  • C-type MAP prevalence was 2.90%, and S-type MAP prevalence was 0.44%, with both types found in eastern and central regions.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first comprehensive epidemiological data on PTB in sheep across Inner Mongolia.
  • Geographical location and sheep breed are identified as potential risk factors influencing MAP prevalence.
  • Coexistence of C- and S-type MAP strains in eastern and central Inner Mongolia highlights the complexity of PTB epidemiology.
Keywords:
ChinaMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisgenotypeprevalenceqPCR

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