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High-Precision 2D-DOA Estimation Method for Millimeter-Wave Radar Based on Double-Parallel Linear Array and Joint

Danyang Yu1, Lei Du1, Jie Bai1

  • 1Division of Mechanics and Acoustics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for high-precision two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) estimation in millimeter-wave radar, effectively handling coherent signals and limited data. The iterative adaptive approach and rotational invariance technique (IAA-RIT) improves target localization accuracy.

Keywords:
a few snapshotsdouble-parallel linear arrayiterative adaptive approachmillimeter-wave radarrotational invariance techniquesignal coherence

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Area of Science:

  • Radar Systems Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar demands high-precision two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) estimation for accurate target localization.
  • Challenges in mmWave radar include limited antenna aperture, signal coherence, and few available snapshots.
  • Existing methods often struggle with these specific constraints, necessitating advanced techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel 2D-DOA estimation method for mmWave radar systems.
  • To address limitations such as signal coherence and a few snapshots.
  • To enhance target detection accuracy in challenging mmWave radar scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A joint iterative adaptive approach and rotational invariance technique (IAA-RIT) is developed, utilizing a double-parallel linear array.
  • An iterative adaptive approach spectrum is constructed for initial coupling angle estimation (azimuth and elevation).
  • Rotational invariance and spatial smoothing are applied to extended covariance matrices for signal decorrelation and refined angle estimation.

Main Results:

  • The IAA-RIT method successfully estimates 2D-DOA for coherent signals even with limited snapshots.
  • Experimental results validate the high-precision estimation capabilities of the proposed technique.
  • The method achieves accurate 2D-DOA without requiring additional angle matching procedures.

Conclusions:

  • The IAA-RIT method offers a robust solution for high-precision 2D-DOA estimation in mmWave radar.
  • It effectively overcomes common challenges like signal coherence and limited snapshots.
  • This technique significantly improves target localization accuracy in demanding radar applications.