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A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing.

Shuai Tong1,2, Shaoxiong Tang1,2, Yifan Lu1,2

  • 1College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new multi-domain multiplexing (MDM) method effectively suppresses fading noise in phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) systems. This technique achieves fade-free measurements, enhancing reliability for practical Φ-OTDR applications.

Keywords:
fading noisefrequency-domain multiplexing (FDM)multi-domain multiplexing (MDM)phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR)polarization-domain multiplexing (PDM)spatial weightingspatial-domain multiplexing (SDM)

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Fiber Optic Sensing
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) is widely used but suffers from fading noise, leading to false alarms and limiting applications.
  • Existing single-domain multiplexing methods like spatial-domain multiplexing (SDM), polarization-domain multiplexing (PDM), and frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) have limitations in comprehensive fading noise suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and experimentally validate a novel fading suppression method for Φ-OTDR systems based on multi-domain multiplexing (MDM).
  • To analyze the principles and limitations of existing single-domain multiplexing techniques.
  • To determine optimal parameter combinations for MDM to achieve effective fading noise suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of single-domain multiplexing (SDM, PDM, FDM) principles and limitations.
  • Detailed explanation of the multi-domain multiplexing (MDM) principle.
  • Experimental setup to evaluate MDM with various parameter combinations (FDM frequencies, SDM intervals, PDM).

Main Results:

  • Single-domain multiplexing methods alone are insufficient for comprehensive fading noise suppression.
  • Optimized parameter combinations of MDM, including FDM frequencies, SDM intervals, and PDM, effectively suppress fading noise.
  • MDM provides an optimal balance between performance and hardware complexity, achieving fade-free measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-domain multiplexing (MDM) is a superior strategy for combating fading noise in Φ-OTDR systems compared to single-domain methods.
  • Optimized MDM offers a robust and practical solution for achieving reliable, fade-free measurements.
  • This work presents a promising technical advancement for the widespread engineering application of Φ-OTDR technology.