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Treatment adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis: risk factors
L A Rodríguez de Antonio1, R Fernández de Córdoba-García2, N Herrero-Muñoz3
1Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain.
Neurologia
|April 27, 2025
Summary
Cognitive impairment and alcohol or drug use significantly increase the risk of poor adherence to multiple sclerosis treatments. Oral medications, however, are associated with better adherence in MS patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
- Public Health
Background:
- Treatment adherence is crucial for managing multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Identifying risk factors for non-adherence can improve treatment outcomes.
- Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are central to MS management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify demographic, clinical, and therapeutic risk factors for inadequate adherence to DMTs in patients with MS.
- To assess the impact of specific patient characteristics and treatment modalities on adherence.
- To provide evidence for targeted interventions to improve adherence in MS.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study analyzing medical records and pharmaceutical dispensing data from 2004-2022.
- Inclusion of 284 patients with MS and 546 DMT treatments.
- Multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with adherence.
Main Results:
- Overall adherence rate was 87.5%.
- Non-adherent patients were more likely to have cognitive impairment, psychiatric conditions, polypharmacy, and alcohol/drug use.
- Cognitive impairment (OR: 3.82) and alcohol/drug use (OR: 22.83) were significant risk factors for non-adherence.
- Oral medications were associated with better adherence (OR: 0.29).
Conclusions:
- Cognitive impairment and alcohol or drug use are major risk factors for low therapeutic adherence in MS.
- Interventions targeting these factors may improve adherence.
- Oral DMTs appear to enhance patient adherence in multiple sclerosis management.
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