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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

Published on: December 14, 2014

Executive and Social Functioning in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Comparison to Autism.

Natalie H Stagnone¹, John C Thorne¹, Julia T Mattson¹

¹Natalie H. Stagnone, John C. Thorne, Julia T. Mattson, and Sara T. Kover, University of Washington.

American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

|April 27, 2025

Summary

Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show executive function challenges. Executive function is linked to social functioning in both FASD and ASD groups.

Keywords:

cognitive control cross-syndrome comparisons executive function models of disability prenatal alcohol exposure

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Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Child psychology
Clinical psychology

Background:

Executive function (EF) challenges are common in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Parent-reported EF impacts social functioning in ASD.
Previous research identified overlapping and distinct skills between FASD and ASD, but EF and its social function relationship remained understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare executive function strengths and weaknesses in children with FASD and ASD.
To examine group differences in executive function between FASD and ASD.
To investigate the association between executive function and social functioning in both conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized parent-report measures: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF, BRIEF-2, or BRIEF-P) and Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition.
Included preschool and school-age children with FASD (n=23) and ASD (n=18).
Analyzed executive function scales and social functioning, controlling for nonverbal IQ.

Main Results:

Both FASD and ASD groups exhibited executive function challenges, with scores exceeding normative means across all examined scales.
Significant group differences were found only in working memory, indicating a specific distinction.
Executive function demonstrated a positive correlation with social functioning in both groups, even after accounting for nonverbal IQ.

Conclusions:

Children with FASD and ASD share significant executive function challenges.
Executive function is a key factor associated with social functioning in both FASD and ASD.
Findings underscore the overlapping relationship between executive function and social function in these neurodevelopmental disorders.