Bioengineered nanomaterials for dynamic diagnostics in vivo

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• In vivo diagnostics offer superior accuracy over ex vivo methods by acquiring real-time physiological data.
• In vivo dynamic diagnostics provide continuous monitoring for deeper insights into disease pathogenesis and progression.
• Current in situ dynamic diagnostics in deep tissues face limitations in energy/signal penetration and continuous monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review fundamental components for in vivo dynamic diagnostics using bioengineered nanomaterials.
• To summarize recent advancements (last five years) in the field.
• To discuss challenges and solutions for clinical translation of these technologies.

Main Methods:

• Review of studies focusing on bioengineered nanomaterials for in vivo dynamic diagnostics.
• Analysis of essential components: energy sources, responsive nanomaterials, nanoprobe design, and signal analysis.
• Discussion of energy sources like near-infrared (NIR) light, X-rays, magnetic fields, and ultrasound.
• Exploration of signal detection methods including optical, radiation, magnetic, and ultrasound signals.

Main Results:

• Bioengineered nanomaterials are ideal platforms for in vivo dynamic diagnostics due to energy conversion and biofunctionalization.
• Key components include high-penetration energy sources, responsive nanomaterials, specifically designed nanoprobes, and advanced signal analysis techniques.
• Nanoprobes can be engineered for spatial, temporal, or spatiotemporal signal changes.

Conclusions:

• Bioengineered nanomaterials offer a promising approach to overcome current limitations in deep-tissue in vivo dynamic diagnostics.
• Further research and development are crucial for addressing obstacles to clinical translation.
• These advancements hold potential for revolutionizing disease diagnosis and monitoring.